The History of al-Ṭabarī Vol. 31
Michael Fishbein
3h46min30
- Religions et spiritualité
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302 pages. Temps de lecture estimé 3h46min.
This section of the History of al-Ṭabarī covers the caliphate of Muḥammad al-Amīn, who succeeded his father, Hārūn al-Rashīd on March 24, 809, and was killed on September 25, 813.The focus of this section is a single event, the civil war between al-Amīn and his half-brother al-Maʾmūn. Before his death, al-Rashīd had arranged for the succession in a series of documents signed at Mecca and deposited for safekeeping in the Ka'bah. Al-Amīn was to become caliph; al-Maʾmūn was to govern Khurasan with virtual autonomy from Baghdad. Al-Amīn could neither remove his brother from office nor interfere with his revenues or military support. Furthermore, al-Maʾmūn was named as al-Amīn's successor, and al-Amīn was forbidden to alter the succession. If either brother violated these conditions, he was to forfeit his rights.It soon became apparent that the good will to carry out these arrangements did not exist. Disagreement broke out when al-Amīn insisted that many of the forces that had accompanied al-Rashīd and al-Maʾmūn to Khurasan return to Baghdad. When the majority of army commanders obeyed the new caliph's orders, al-Maʾmūn was enraged and countered with measures to secure his position. Angry letters were exchanged, with al-Amīn pressing his brother to make concessions that al-Maʾmūn regarded as contrary to the succession agreement. By March 811, military conflict was imminent. Al-Amin demanded that certain border districts be returned to the control of Baghdad. When al-Maʾmūn refused, al-Amīn despatched an expedition to seize the districts.Al-Amīn's resort to force ended in disaster. Al-Maʾmūn's forces, led by Ṭāhir ibn al-Ḥusayn and Harthamah ibn A'yan, quickly closed in on Baghdad. In a siege lasting over a year, Baghdad suffered extensive damage from the fighting and from bombardment by siege engines. Gangs of vagrants and paupers, organized by al-Amīn into irregular units, fought a kind of urban guerrilla war. But, with Tahir and Harthamah enforcing the siege and with most of al-Amīn's associates having switched their loyalties to the winning side, the caliph was forced to sue for terms. These were worked out among representatives of al-Amīn, Tahir, and Harthamah. However, when the caliph boarded the boat that was to take him into Harthamah's custody, troops loyal to Tahir assaulted and capsized the boat. Al-Amīn fell into the Tigris, was apprehended, and was executed that night on orders from Tahir. Thus ended this phase of the civil war. Al-Maʾmūn was now caliph.Al-Ṭabarī i's history of these years includes accounts by participants in the event, diplomatic letters betweenal-Amīn and al-Maʾmūn, Tahir's long letter toal-Maʾmūn on the circumstances of al-Amin's death, and a dramatic eyewitness account of al-Amīn's last hours. Also noteworthy is a 135-verse poem describing the devastation of Baghdad. The section ends with a series of literary anecdotes on the character of al-Amīn.Preface Abbreviations Translator's Foreword Maps 1. The Eastern Lands of the Caliphate 2. Baghdad between A.H. 150 and 300 3. Al-Karkh and Neighboring Suburbs 4. Al-Harbiyyah with the Three Quarters of al-Rusafah, al-Shammasiyyah, and al-Mukharrim 5. Quarters on the Muhawwal Road The Events of the Year 193 (cont'd) (808-809) The Succession of Muhammad al-Amin as Caliph Causes of the Discord between al-Amin and al-Ma'mun The Letter of Muhammad al-Amin to His Brother `Abdallah al-Ma'mun The Letter of Muhammad al-Amin to His Brother Salih Various Items of Information The Events of the Year 194 (809-810) Reasons for the Falling out between Muhammad al-Amin and `Abdallah al-Ma'mun Various Items of Information The Events of the Year 195 (810-811) Al-Amin Forbids Prayer for al-Ma'mun and al-Qasim as Heirs `All b. `Isa b. Mahan Assigned Command of al-Jabal `All b. `Isa b. Mahan Goes to al-Rayy to Fight the Forces of al-Ma'mun Al-Amin Sends `Abd al-Rahman b. Jabalah to Fight Tahir Tahir b. al-Husayn Named Dhu al-Yaminayn The Rebellion of al-Sufyani in Syria Tahir Expels al-Amin's Agents from al-Jibal Province The Death of `Abd al-Rahman b. Jabalah al-Abnawi Various Items of Information The Events of the Year 196 (811-812) Al-Amin Imprisons Asad b. Yazid and Dispatches Ahmad b. Mazyad to Fight Tahir Al-Ma'mun Raises the Rank of al-Fadl b. Sahl `Abd al-Malik b. Salih Appointed Governor of Syria `Abd al-Malik b. Salih Recruits Troops in Syria for al-Amin The Abortive Coup of al-Husayn b. `Ali b. `Isa b.Mahan against al-Amin in Baghdad The Death of Muhammad b. Yazid al-Muhallabi and Tahir's Entry into al-Ahwaz Tahir Takes al-Mada'in and Marches toward Sarsar The Governor of Mecca Casts off Allegiance to al-Amin Harthamah b. A`yan Defeats al-Amin's Forces Some of Tahir's Men Go over to al-Amin The Events of the Year 597 (812-813) Details and Results of the Siege of Baghdad The Battle at Qasr Salih Tahir Forbids Boatmen to Bring Anything to Baghdad The Battle of al-Kunasah The Battle of Darb al-Hijarah The Battle of al-Shammasiyyah Gate The Events of the Year 198 (813-814) Tahir Captures Baghdad The Death of al-Amin The Army Mutinies against Tahir A Description of Muhammad b. Harem, His Agnomen, the Length of His Reign, and His Age Poems Composed about Muhammad b. Harun and Elegies for Him Some Aspects of the Conduct and Mode of Life of the Deposed Muhammad b. Harun Bibliography of Cited Works Index
